Pierre-Joseph Proudhon introduced one of the first critiques of centralized authority in 1848, a few years after publishing his now-classic book What is Property? and calling for the abolition of property and the state. As per Proudhon’s view, any political change would be limited without economic change.
His work is at the heart of anarchism, “a political theory that is skeptical of the justification of authority and power,” according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Almost two centuries later, Proudhon’s thoughts about economics and power still echo in society, with encryption tools paving the way for parts of the ideal society envisioned in his theory.
Crypto may be far from its original political principles, but projects reviving cypherpunk values are still thriving. One such project is DarkFi, a multichain layer-1 protocol for anonymous applications and smart contracts powered by zero-knowledge proofs.
DarkFi “is not a corporate startup. It’s a democratic economic experiment, an operating system for society,” claims its manifesto. Crypto anarchy, according to DarkFi, “is the tactic of using cryptography to create a space of freedom which cannot be penetrated by power and capital monopolies with coercive force.“
DarkFi’s manifesto also states that:
“The old model of technology is anti-political because it removes ownership from people and places it into the hands of monopoly. The old model encourages passivity and indifference by design, reducing people to consumers.“
Behind the project is a team of anarchist coders, including Amir Taak, an early Bitcoin developer who led the Dark Wallet project before it went dark in 2015 when he vanished from the crypto scene to fight in Syria against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) while trying to introduce the local community to Bitcoin.
A group of pseudonymous DarkFi developers spoke with Cointelegraph in an interview about the project testnet and how the crypto industry is evolving among privacy challenges, bad actors, government oversight and politics. This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.
Cointelegraph (CT): What is DarkFi and what problems does it address in the crypto space?
DarkFi (DF): DarkFi is a community and a movement trying to create user-empowering systems, enabling individuals to preserve fundamental human rights, like the right to privacy, freedom of speech, and the right to interact with each other without intermediaries. Some of those systems are a layer-1 blockchain with privacy by default, a peer-to-peer IRC messaging system with encrypted groups and DMs, and even decentralized collaboration tools for organization, task management, etc.
The crypto space has lost its original cypherpunk values, succumbing to state pressure by enforcing sanctions and/or implementing backdoors, so projects can survive. Privacy has become a taboo, which in current conditions often results in violent termination of development in the name of transparency and prevention of illicit activities. Crypto will split into two — RegFi, unusable and bolted down, and DarkFi, a truly free, decentralized and uncensored paradigm. That’s what we are trying to address, fight back, if you will, to retain the power to the minuteman, not serve individuals on a gold plate at states and mega corporations for fiat profit.
CT: What came first when developing DarkFi, the anarchist crypto vision, or the need of base layer solutions for multichain applications?
DF: With DarkFi, we want to build anonymous and secure crypto. Like what Monero and Zcash are for money, DarkFi is for apps/smart contracts. We felt there is a large market and need for being able to develop decentralized and anonymous financial applications. This has not been possible until now.
“The crypto space has lost its original cypherpunk values, succumbing to state pressure by enforcing sanctions and/or implementing backdoors, so projects can survive. Privacy has become a taboo.“
We believe with privacy by default and maximum anonymity, we will enable people to organize and act in much safer spaces and ecosystems. We are also very inspired by Richard Stallman and the free software movement, which is also why (unlike most other crypto things) DarkFi is fully licensed with the GNU AGPL license, and we follow the free software philosophy.
CT: How can encryption technologies contribute to a balanced environment between personal freedom and government oversight, and avoid bad actors at the same time?
DF: Encryption technologies’ purpose is to enable users to “hide stuff in plain sight.“ Oversight, government or otherwise, contradicts this, as it enables 3rd parties to “sniff” on what’s inside. Individuals shouldn’t give up control of their freedom, especially to a government, which supposedly should work for the individual, not the other way around. By using these technologies, users are able to protect themselves against bad actors trying to track them for exploiting them.
CT: What role does Web3 play in society’s future privacy and politics?
DF: What is currently being called the “Web3” is just becoming a surveillance tool which is getting abused by adversaries and officials more and more. If this continues, society’s “future privacy” will be close to non-existent, and politics will be dictatorships where every user and citizen will have to keep closely in line in order not to be considered unwanted by their oppressors.
CT: How can crypto remain aligned with its core principles as it becomes mainstream and, therefore, more political?
DF: It feels like the entire cypherpunk grassroots movement of the early Bitcoin days has been slowly lost. It’s becoming increasingly capitalist and might not be “more political.“ In fact, with most projects, it seems like they will do all in their power to be less political and more “diverse and inclusive.“ They do not have bite and simply succumb to the numbing agenda. There are too few projects in the crypto space which are political and caught my eye.
CT: Does crypto have a future without politics?
DF: Crypto isn’t a flamboyant tech. Ciphers started as a parallel language between generals and kings to deter enemies. They are only visible to senders and receivers. Ciphers were used in antiquity, middle ages, and breaking ciphers drove the development of computers in the last century. They have always been necessary.
In this era, communication, work and transactions are the basics of any society happening behind screens. At the other end of the channel lays monitoring and surveillance.
“What is currently being called the “Web3” is just becoming a surveillance tool which is getting abused by adversaries and officials more and more.“
The enemy of crypto before computers was in foreign territories. Now the enemy is near; crypto creates a parallel and secure space beyond the state’s regulation, sanctions and policies. Crypto is not against politics; it’s used to deter your enemy. The individual’s enemies crypto is concerned with are monitoring and surveillance, and crypto principles make no compromise in securing freedom.
CT: What are the next steps in DarkFi’s roadmap?
DF: We’ve just released our initial testnet, so we’re having the community try out the UX and find bugs that we’ve written, so we can iterate and improve. As for the future plans, we’re branching out in multiple directions when it comes to the blockchain. We hope we will also be able to educate people on the importance of free software and its philosophy. Just open-source does not cut it. Developers and founders have to quit submitting to Big Tech and use crypto mechanisms to capture value within their projects and stay sovereign.
